A study looked at fines in 93 California cities. Cities with more black residents and more disproportionately white police forces tended to rely the most on fines.

Author Archives: Akheil Singla
Akheil Singla is an assistant professor at the School of Public Affairs in the Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions. His research focuses on public financial management at the state and local level, with a specific focus on municipal debt markets and government financial health.